ADVERBS
KINDS
OF ADVERBS
1. ADVERBS
OF MANNER
Adverbs
of Manner tell us the manner or the way in which something happens. They answer
the Question ‘How?’ Adverbs of Manner mainly modify verbs.
He
speaks slowly. (How does he speak?)
They
helped us cheerfully. (How did they help us?)
James
Bond drives his cars fast. (How does James Bond drive his cars?)
2. ADVERBS
OF PLACE
Adverbs
of place tell us the place where something happens. They answer the question
‘where?’ An adverb of place mainly modifies verbs.
Please
sit here. (Where should I sit?)
They
looked everywhere. (Where did they looked?)
Two
cars were parked outside. (Where were two cars parked?)
3. ADVERBS
OF TIME
Adverbs
of time tell us something about the time that something happens. They answer
the question ‘when?’ Adverbs of Time mainly modify verbs.
He
came yesterday. (When did he came?)
I
want it now. (When do I want it? ) or they can answer the question ‘how often?’
They
deliver the newspaper daily. (How often do they deliver the newspaper?)
We
sometimes watch a movie.(How often do we watch a movie?)
4. ADVERBS
OF DEGREE
Adverbs
of degree tell us the degree or extent to which something happens. They answer
the question ’how much?’ or ‘to what degree?’Adverbs of degree can modify
verbs, Adjectives or other Adverbs.
She entirely agrees
with him. (How much does she agree with him?)
Mary
is very beautiful. (To what degree is Mary beautiful? How beautiful is Mary?)
He
drove quite dangerously. (To what degree did he drive dangerously? How
dangerously did he drive?)
5. ADVERBS
OF FREQUENCY
Adverbs
of frequency tell us how many times the action occurs or occurred or will
occur.
Examples:
Rarely, daily, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently, always, ever,
generally, monthly, yearly.
She never smokes.
He
is always late for class.
They always come
in time.
Barking
dogs seldom bite.
The
employees are paid monthly.
The
employees are paid every month.
COMPARISON
OF ADVERBS
There
are three degrees of comparison in adverbs the positive, the comparative, the
superlative. The adverbs form their comparatives and superlatives using –er and
–est and more and most. Adverbs that end in –ly use the words more and most to
form their comparatives abd superlatives.
The
one-syllable adverbs use –er in the comparative form and –est in the
superlative form.
|
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
|
Early
|
Earlier
|
Earliest
|
|
Fast
|
Faster
|
Fastest
|
|
Hard
|
Harder
|
hardest
|
|
High
|
Higher
|
Highest
|
|
Late
|
Later
|
Latest
|
|
Hot
|
Hotter
|
hottest
|
|
Loud
|
Louder
|
Loudest
|
|
Near
|
Nearer
|
Nearest
|
|
Soon
|
Sooner
|
Soonest
|
Adverbs which end in-ly or have three or ‘more’
syllables each form the comparative with more and the superlative with ‘most’.
|
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
|
Angrily
|
More angrily
|
Most angrily
|
|
Brightly
|
More brightly
|
Most brightly
|
|
Dimly
|
More dimly
|
Most dimly
|
|
Freely
|
More freely
|
Most freely
|
|
Gladly
|
More gladly
|
Most gladly
|
|
Heavily
|
More heavily
|
Most heavily
|
|
Loudly
|
More loudly
|
Most loudly
|
|
Quietly
|
More quietly
|
Most quietly
|
|
Sweetly
|
More sweetly
|
Most sweetly
|
|
Terribly
|
More terribly
|
Most terribly
|
The
comparative form is used to compare two things.
·
We must not reach there
later than 7o’clock/.
·
You speak more loudly
than a loudspeaker.
·
Sirius shines more
brightly than all the other stars.
The
superlative form is used to compare three more things.
·
He arrived
the earliest, so he had to wait for the others.
·
Why do you have to
speak the most loudly of all the meetings?
·
Of all the girls, your
sister sang the most sweetly.
It
is not correct to use –er and more together, -est and most together.
·
The tree is more
taller than the giraffe. (Incorrect)
·
The tree is taller than
the giraffe. (correct)
·
This turkey is the
most oldest in the farm. (incorrect)
·
This turkey is the
oldest in the farm.(correct)
Some
adverbs form the comparative and the superlative irregularly.
|
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
|
Badly
|
Worse (than)
|
Worst (the)
|
|
Far
|
Farther
|
Farthest
|
|
Far
|
Further
|
Furthest
|
|
Little
|
Less
|
Least
|
|
Much/many
|
More
|
Most
|
|
Well
|
Better
|
Best
|
Examples;
·
Of the two teddy bears,
which do you like better?
·
This has to be
the farthest I have ever walked in my life.
Forms
of Adverbs
There
are three forms of adverbs: adverbs formed by adding -ly to an adjective,
adverbs that share identical words with an adjective, and adverbs not
derived from an adjective or any other word.
1. Most
adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective
·
He had a sudden heart
attack while jogging. (Adjective)
·
He suddenly had
a heart attack while jogging. (Adverb)
·
She had a quick walk
to get there on time. (Adjective)
·
She walked quickly to
get there on time. (Adverb)
2. Adverbs
that share identical words with an adjective
·
He found the exam
quite hard. (Adjective)
·
He failed his exam as
he didn't try very hard. (Adverb)
·
The two brothers live
on opposite sides of the city. (Adjective)
·
She has a brother who
lives opposite to her. (Adverb)
3. Adverbs
such as as, even, how, never, next, now, rather, so, soon, still, then,
too, etc. are not derived from an adjective or any other word.
·
He doesn't even know
where the Pacific Ocean is.
·
He said he had never
been to a circus.
·
She has got rather a
lot of money to spend at this time of the month.
·
She has eaten two big
pizzas and is still hungry
4. Converting
a number of adjectives to adverbs by adding -ly entails removing a letter as
shown in the following:
·
by adding –ly or –ally to
the end of an adjective (quick –quickly, heroic –heroically),
·
by adding –ly after
removing the last –e from an adjective
(comfortable–comfortably,possible–possibly), or
·
by dropping the last y
from an adjective and replacing it with –ily (easy–easily, happy–happily).
5. Adverbs
are also formed from other parts of speech such as noun (accident)and verb
(hurry), and from present participle (frightening).
·
She deleted my file by
accident. (Noun)
·
She accidentally
deleted my file. (Adverb)
·
Nick hurried to answer
the telephone. (Verb)
·
Nick moved hurriedly to
answer the telephone. (Adverb)
·
He's frightening us
with the speed he's driving. (present participle)
·
He's driving
frighteningly close to the edge of the pavement. (Adverb
Positions
of Adverbs
Adverbs
occupy different positions in a sentence.
1. At
the beginning of a sentence before the subject
·
Sometimes she
gives me a lift to work.
·
Fortunately we got
home before it started to rain.
·
Suddenly all the
lights went out.
2. After
the auxiliary verb and before the main verb
·
The father was tragically killed
in a road accident.
·
We do occasionally go
bird-watching.
·
The rain has already stopped
when we arrived.
3. After
the auxiliary verb (be) that is used as the main verb
·
She is always quick
to point out other people's faults.
·
As usual, they
are very late.
·
The boys were
incredibly lucky to be alive after what happened.
4. Before
the main verb if there is no auxiliary verb
·
Their parents often go
to the cinema.
·
She reluctantly agreed
to his proposals.
·
Your fat uncle accidentally knocked
my vase of fresh flowers over.
5. After
the main verb if there is no auxiliary verb
·
The sisters
dressed beautifully for the occasion.
·
The tourist
looked carefully at the antique before she bought it.
·
She spoke loudly to
the crowd on women's issues.
6. At
the end of a sentence
·
He admitted punching
and kicking the man repeatedly.
·
Our old neighbour fell
and hurt her leg badly.
·
Hey, you have not
pronounced my name correctly.
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