English: Quiz

Direction: In the passage given below words are given in bold, each followed by a number given in the brackets. Every word in bold has five alternatives. Find the word which best suits the place. If the given word suits the blank, mark 'no correction/change required' as the answer. 

In the 1980s, ‘pseudo-secularism’ and ‘minority-ism’ were the two principal issues of Indian politics. These expressions, used by the BJP, denote grievances (1) of Muslims by the ruling Congress, and in subsequent decades, by regional forces.
A section of the Hindu majority also always felt secure (2) about it. This grief was shared by many Congress leaders as well. The Muslim leadership, too, in the name of marginalization from the structures of power and economy, pursued their politics almost exclusively for emotive identity-related issues of personal law, Urdu, Muslim universities, etc. Cultural identities were not defined in terms of regional, ethnic and linguistic diversities of the religious communities. At least on this particular issue, ‘secular’ politics, their Muslim leadership and the majoritarian communal politics were all on the same board. Playing the majoritarian communal card became easier for a Hindu team (3). The Muslim leadership asked for their conservatism to be preserved and safeguarded (4).Whatever they asked for was granted, all in the name of ‘secularism’. Muslim politics did not go beyond this, even though their uninterrupted (5) under-representation in every sphere of education, economy and power continued.

1) Find out the appropriate word 1
A) irritation
B) engagement
C) placation
D) baleful
E) No correction required


2) Find out the appropriate word 2
A)jubilant
B) dispiriting
C) gleeful
D) aggrieved
E) No correction required


3) Find out the appropriate word 3
A)consolidation 

B)division
C)severance
D)parting
E) No correction required


4) Find out the appropriate word 4
A) praised
B)carry on
C) perpetuated
D)standstill
E) No correction required


5) Find out the appropriate word 5
A) woeful
B)uplifting
C) encouraging
D) gloomy
E) No correction required

Directions (Q. 6-10): Pick out the most effective word from the given words to fill in the blank to make the sentence meaningfully complete.

6. Programme aimed ________ development should consider all-round development rather than only economic development.

A) for 

B) with 

C) by

D) at 

E) into

7. Pollution has an ________ effect on health.

A) intrinsic 

B) adverse 

C) inevitable

D) active 

E) unrecoverable

8. Before attempting to solve any problem, we must try to ________ its root cause.

A) identify 

B) question 

C) ignore

D) attack 

E) improve

9. His father ________ him for his disappointing performance.

A) reprimanded 

B) flattered 

C) encouraged

D) frustrated 

E) absolved

10. She could ________ punishment only because of the judge’s generosity.

A) get 

B) improve 

C) encouraged

D) control 

E) escape

Answers:

1- C

2- D

3- A

4- B

5- A

6- D

7- B 

8- A 

9- A 

10-E

English: PRONOUNS

PRONOUNS

Personal Pronoun

            “A pronoun is a word used instead of a Noun”.

            (I, we, you, he, she, it, they) are called personal pronouns because they stand for the three persons.

(i)       The person speaking

(ii)      The person spoken to, and

(iii)     The person spoken of.

‘You’ is both singular and Plural.

	Nominative case (Subjective)	Objective case (Accusative)	Possessive case (Genitive)
First Person	I we	me us	my, mine, our, ours
Second Person	you	you	your, yours
Third person	he she it they	him her it them	his her, hers its their, theirs

           

Pronouns are used so that our language is not cumbersome with the same nouns being repeated over and over in a paragraph.

Subject Pronoun: (Subjective case)

(I, we, you, he, she, it, they)

Example:     She is at work.

‘She’ is main subject of the sentence, hence in the sentence, ‘She’ is the subjective personal pronoun.

 Objective pronoun (objective case)

Example:  He will meet us later.

‘Us’ is the objective personal pronoun, as it is the object of the verb ‘meet.’

Possessive pronoun (possessive case)

Example: That is our clubhouse.

‘Our’ shows the possession of the object ‘clubhouse’.

Gender

Example:  He went to the market.

He is used for male gender.

Other examples – (his, him, he etc.)

Example:  She is doing the laundry.

‘she’ is used for female gender.

(Her, hers, etc.)

Example:  It is important to them.

‘It’ is gender neutral as it shows an object,

 ‘Them’ is also gender neutral as ‘Them’ can consists of both genders.

Others gender neutral pronouns are - (Their, they, its.)

Number

Singular Pronoun – where the pronoun is only referring to one specific Noun.

Example: That book belongs to me.

Plural Pronoun – where the pronoun is used to refer to a number of nouns.

Example: That is Their book, not yours.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

“They are object pronouns that we use when the subject and the object are the same Noun.”

Example: I told myself not to bet all my money on one horse.

Example: The robber hurt himself chasing me through the alley.

“Reflexive pronouns are those which are used to indicate a noun which has been used in an earlier part of the same sentence.

(myself, themselves, yourself, ourselves, herself, himself, itself.)

Example: She blamed herself for the accident.

He is himself today.

EMPHATIC/INTENSIVE PRONOUN

“These pronouns are used to emphasize a Noun or pronoun. 

(myself, himself, herself, themselves, itself, yourself, yourselves and ourselves.)

Example: He himself is his worst critic.

“These pronouns act as appositives of nouns or pronouns for the sake of emphasis,”

Example: You yourself wrote those words.

This request came from the employee themselves.

They themselves know that the Prank was in bad taste.

Avoid reporting things that you yourself haven’t witnessed.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

“Demonstrative pronouns are used to show or identify one or a number of nouns that may be far or near in distance or time.

They are only four in number (This, that, these, those)

This, that → Singular demonstrative pronoun

These, those → Plural demonstrative pronouns.

Example: That is a beautiful house.

They can also be used to show an unspecified quantity in a sentence.

Example: These were made by me.

(These is showing an unspecified quantity of something that was made by a person.)

Example: Everyone remembers those days.

(Those is showing a particular time or period of days in the past, it is being used in place of a noun that could be – school, summer, college etc.)

Example: This is what he is charging.

This is used as pronoun in place of a number.

These pronouns point out someone or something.

They are identical in form to demonstrative adjective/determiners.

The difference is that…

→ A demonstrative pronoun stands alone (because it is a substitute for a noun or noun phrase)

→ But a demonstrative adjective is accompanied by the noun it modifies.

Example: She gave me this gift.

(This – demonstrative adjective)

I like this.

(This – demonstrative pronoun)

(More example of demonstrative pronoun)

These are my children.

That is a good idea.

The streets of Delhi are more crowded than those of Mumbai. 

INDEFINITE PRONOUN

“These pronouns do stand for some person or thing, but we don’t know for exactly whom.”

When we say, “somebody stole my watch.”

(We don’t know to whom the word ‘somebody’ refers to.  The word ‘somebody’ is an indefinite pronoun.

Example: One should speak the truth.

                Somebody immediately called the doctor.

                Anybody can solve this problem.

                Nobody was present.

                Many are called, but few are chosen.

               Do good to others.

(Few, all, some, none, everything- indefinite pronouns)

DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN

“These Pronouns refer to individual elements in a group or a pair, one individual at a time.”

Example:     Each of the boys gets a prize.

                        Either of these roads leads to the railway station.

                        Either of you can go.

                        Neither of the accusations is true.

                        You may bring any of your friends

                        None of our students failed last year.

Each, either, neither are called distributive pronouns because they refer to persons or things, one at a time.

Each →used to denote every one of a number of persons or things taken singly.

Either means the one or the other of two.

Neither means not the one nor the other of two.

It is negative of either.

Either and Neither should be used only in speaking of two persons or things.

When more than two are spoken of (Any, No one, and none) should be used.

RECIPROCAL PRONOUN

Each and one really belong to the subject, Other and another are objects, but Each other and one another have become compound pronouns, (and are called reciprocal pronouns) and are rarely separated even by a preposition)

Example:     The brothers quarreled with each other.

                        They all gave evidence against one another.

                        Jamie and Jack always sit beside each other in break.

                      They haven’t seen one another since last year.

RELATIVE PRONOUN

These pronouns are used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun.

These are: who, whom, which, whoever, whomever, whose, whichever and that.

Example: The driver who Ran the stop sign was careless.

Which and that are generally used for objects.

Who and whom are used for people and whose is used to show possession.

Example: she will choose the color which looks good on everyone

She is complaining to whoever she comes across nowadays.

There is a car in the parking lot that someone has painted a bright pink.

Is there anyone here whose mobile phone has a signal?

I met Hari who had just returned.

I have found the pen which I lost.

There is the book That you lent me.

INTERROGATIVE

Who, whom, which and what are interrogative pronouns as they are used to ask questions about a person or object that we do not know about.

Compounds of these words are made by attaching (–ever) to the words to strengthen the emphasis on the word.

Example:     which one would you like?

                        What is your Name?

                        Who will be managing the bullet?

                        Whom did you tell about this?

                        Whoever could have done this?

                        Whichever one will you choose?

                       

‘Who’ is always the subject of the verb.

‘Whom’ is never the subject of the verb.

It is object of the verb.

It is used to show the person to or for whom the action is being done.

                       

Example: whom were you meeting with?

English: Noun & Numbers

Noun

Words are divided into different kinds or classes according to the work they do in a sentence. These kinds or classes are known as Parts of Speech. They are eight in number:
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Verb
4. Adjective
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection.

What is noun?
Noun is a word used to name a person, place or thing.
For example:
Rama was an epic king.

Kinds of Noun

1. Common Noun
A common noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. For example;
I write with a pen.
The student asked me a few questions.

2. Proper Noun
A proper noun is the name of a particular person or place.
For example:
Ramu is a wise fellow.
Patna lacks basic civic amenities.

Rule: Proper nouns are always written with a capital letter at the beginning.
Incorrect: Earlier the capital of india was in calcutta.
Correct: Earlier the capital of India was in Calcutta.

Rule: Proper nouns are sometimes used as common nouns.
Incorrect: LK Advani is today regarded as Sardar
Patel of India.
Correct: LK Advani is today regarded as the Sardar Patel of India.

Rule: In this case proper nouns are always preceded by articles.
She is a Lata Mangeshkar.
Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.

3. Collective Noun
A Collective noun is the name of a group of persons or things. For example army, committee, crowd, fleet, flock, herd, jury, mob, parliament, team.

Rule: A collective noun usually takes a singular verb and is substituted by a singular pronoun.
Incorrect: The jury were unanimous in their opinion.
Correct: The jury was unanimous in its opinion.

Rule: A collective noun takes a plural verb and is substituted by a plural pronoun when the individuals of which it is composed are thought of net behaving as a single unit
Incorrect: The jury was divided in its opinions.
Correct: The jury were divided in their opinions.

NICL AO Prelims Exam 2017 Result Out

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Directions Concepts Part-2

Q 1.  A person is walking towards west for 25m later he turns left and walks 30 meters. Again he takes left and walks 50 meters. Later he takes left and walks 38 meters. Finally  he walks 21 meters to his left. How far is he from the starting point and in which direction?

 (1) 20 – SW
 (2) 80 – NE
 (3) 4√5-  NE
 (4) 5 – SW
 (5) None of the above

Learn the following table:

Q 2. Shiva is facing N, he turns 180* and 45* in clockwise direction and then 270* in anti-clockwise
 direction. Finally again turns 180*. What is this facing direction now?

 (1) SE
 (2) SW
 (3) South
 (4) North east
 (5) None of the above

Q 3. A lady runs 12 km towards north. Then 6 km towards south and 8 km towards east. How for is she 
from her starting point and in which direction?

 (1) NE – 20 km
 (2) NE – 15 km
 (3) NW – 10 km
 (4) NE – 10 km
 (5) None of the above

Q 4. Point ‘D’ is 14m to its west point of ‘A’.
   Point ‘B’ is  4m towards south of ‘D’.
   Point ‘F’ is  9m towards south of ‘D’.
   Point ‘E’ is 7m towards east of ‘B’
   Point ‘C’ is 4m towards north of ‘E’.
   Point ‘G’ is 4m towards south of ‘A’.

(I) Which of the following points are in straight line?
  (1) DEA
  (2) EGC
  (3) DBG
  (4) EGB
  (5) FBC

(II) Point A is in which direction with respect to ‘C’?
  (1) North
  (2) South
  (3) East
  (4) West
  (5) None of the above

(III) If a person walks 5m towards north from point ‘F’ and then takes a right turn and started  walking. 
Which of the following points would he reach.
  (1) G
  (2) D
  (3) E
  (4) A
  (5) C

(IV) Point D and C are in which direction of point G?

  (1) North East
  (2) West
  (3) North West
  (4) South West
  (5) None of the above


 Q 5. A+B means A is 10m ‘N’ of B
     A-B means A is 10m ‘S’ of B
     A*B means A is 5 m ‘E’ of B
     A@B means A is 15m ‘W’of B 


(I) In a code “P+O-R×S@T” is written, the point ‘P’ is in which direction of point T?

  (1) East
  (2) South
  (3) west
  (4) NW
  (5) None

(II) What is the distance between point ‘P’ and ‘S’ in the above expression?

  (1) 5m
  (2) 7m
  (3) 10m
  (4) 15m
  (5) None of the above

Q 6. Raju is walking towards west, be takes 3 turns while walking. All at a backward angle of 45* towards 
his right, right and left find in which direction is he facing now?

  (1) NS
  (2) East
  (3) West
  (4) NE
  (5) None of the above

SHADOWS CONCEPT:

If sun rises in the east shadow will be in the west (morning time)
If sun sets in the west shadow will be in the east Evening time i.e. after 12:00 PM)
At exactly 12:00 there is no shadow (mid noon of midnight)

Q 7. In the Evening time Rekha is walking on the ground If her shadow is towards right then what is 
the facing direction of Rekha?

(1) North
(2) South
(3) East
(4) West
(5) None of the above

Q 8.  In the morning time, 2 persons A and B are talking to each other, standing in a straight line in a 
ground. If A’s shadow direction is to the left of B. What is the face direction of B?

 (1) north
 (2) south
 (3) east
 (4) west
 (5) none

Answers:
1) 3
2) 1
3) 4
4) I) 4
   II) 3
  III) 3
  IV) 3
5) I) 3
   II) 1
6) 4
7) 1
8) 1