English Grammer- Adjectives

Adjectives

What are Adjectives

An adjectives are words which are used to point out or describe a person or thing, animal, place and which describe or modify nouns are known as Adjectives.

Examples :

Sizes : big, small, large, thin, thick
Shapes : triangular, round, square, circular
Colors : black, blue, white, green, red
Personality : happy, sad, angry, depressed
Time : Yearly , monthly, annually
Ages : new, young, old, brand-new, second-hand
Sounds : Loud, noisy, quiet, silent
Tastes : juicy, sweet
Qualities : good, bad, mediocre etc.

Now in a sentence –
Ex – ‘My mother was angry on me.’
In this sentence, the word ‘angry’ is the adjective. It is used to describe about the noun ‘mother’.

There are five types of adjectives. 

1. Adjective of quality

2. Adjective of quantity

3. Adjective of number

SH- English Reading Comprehension: Quiz

Dear Aspirants,

Directions (1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions:

The King of Kanchi set off to conquer Karnat. He was victorious in batttle. The elephants were laden with sandalwood, ivory, gold and precious stones taken from the conquered kingdom of Karnat. They would be a part of the victory parade for his subjects. On his way back home he stopped at a temple, finished his prayers to the goddess and turned to leave. Around his neck was a garland of scarlet hibiscus and as was the custom for all, his forehead was anointed with red sandal paste. His Minister and the court jester were his only companions. At one spot, in a mango grove by the wayside, they spied some children play. The King said, “Let me go and see what they are playing.”

The children had lined up two rows of clay dolls and were playing warriors and battles. The King asked, “Who is fighting whom ?” They said, “Karnat is at battle with Kanchi.” The King asked, “Who is winning and who is the loser ?” The children puffed their chests up and said, “Karnat will win and Kanchi will lose.” The Minister froze in disbelief, the King was furious and the jester burst into laughter.

The King was soon joined by his troops and the children were still immersed in their game. The King commanded, “Cane them hard.” The children’s parents came running from the nearby village and said, “They are naive, it was just a game, please grant them pardon.” The King called his commander and ordered, “Teach these children and the village a lesson so that they never forget the King of Kanchi.” He went back to his camp.

That evening the Commander stood before the King. He bowed low in shame and said, “Your Majesty, with the exception of hyenas and vultures, all lie silent in the village.” The Minister said, “His Majesty’s honour has been saved.” The priest said, “The goddess has blessed our King.” The jester said, “Your Highness, please grant me leave to go now.” The King asked, “But why ?” The jester said, “I cannot kill, I cannot maim, I can only laugh at God’s gift of life.” Trembling in the face of the king’s anger he bravely continued, “If I stay in your Majesty’s court, I shall become like you and I shall forget how to laugh.”

Cloze Test: English Quiz

Dear Aspirants,

Directions (Q.1-10): In the following passage, some of the words have been left out, each of which is indicated by a number. Find the suitable word from the options given against each number and fill up the blanks with appropriate words to make the paragraph meaningfully complete:

Acid attacks, especially on women, are an issue of increasing (1). In order to (2) with such attacks, a threepronged (3) is currently under formulation. The first is providing (4)punishment to perpetrators, not only as proportionate punishment for their (5) but also to (6) potential offenders. The second approach is to (7) attacks by regulating (8) to acids. The third is constructing a compensation scheme for victims.

The Indian Penal Code did not have specific provisions to criminalise and punish acid attacks (9) earlier this year. If a person is convicted for (10) acid on another, and thereby causing temporary or permanent damage or deformity, a minimum imprisonment of 10 years and a maximum of life imprisonment is now provided.

1.

1) value

2) welfare

3) gossip

4) concern

5) happening

2.

1) deal

2) do away

3) fight

4) solve

5) tussle

Reading Comprehension: English Quiz

Dear Aspirants, 

Directions (Q. 1-0): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below. There are certain words in the passage printed in bold letters to lead you to find them out easily in order to help you in answering some of the questions:

Public sector banks are back in focus, not for the steep rise in bad loans, but for customer complaints against them. At first glance, the Reserve Bank of India’s annual report on the Banking Ombudsman Scheme reveals that customers of PSBs had a litany of grievances, while patrons of private and foreign banks were quite content with the services offered to them. But one reason why PSBs account for about 65 per cent of the complaints is that these banks have a lion’s share — about three-fourths — of the loans and deposits in the banking system. If we consider the number of complaints per account or branch, nationalised banks, surprisingly, have fewer complaints than their private and foreign counterparts. Complaints from the rural and semi-urban population have witnessed an increase, implying the wider participation from these segments. But there is a lack of awareness about the ombudsman scheme or lack of access to it in these regions. While they account for about two-thirds of the bank branches in India, less than 30 per cent of the complaints were lodged from here.

Reporting such numbers only scratches the surface of the problem. The ombudsman scheme, which was launched two decades ago to provide a free grievance redress system in the face of rising complaints against banks, will now have to use the data to improve its functioning. Both the Centre and the regulator also need to act on longstandinggrievances. For years now, debit/credit card operations (21 per cent of complaints) and unfair banking practices (29 per cent) have made up a large chunk of the complaints. Customers have had a laundry list of woes regarding failure of withdrawals from ATMs, issue of unsolicited cards and insurance policies, and banks’ non-adherence to ‘fair practices’ or BCSBI (Banking Codes and Standards Board of India) codes. The BCSBI was set up a decade ago to supplement the ombudsman scheme. Hence, the wide non-adherence to these codes on the part of banks is inexcusable. What it highlights is the need for the RBI to follow up more stringently on ensuring that banks conform to norms.

NEW PATTERN ENGLISH FOR IBPS/SBI CLERK/PO EXAMS

Dear Aspirants,

Dear Students, As we've all seen the drastic change in the pattern of Questions asked in English Section. IBPS is surprising all of us by asking CAT Exam pattern Questions.

Directions (1-15): Mark the out-of-context sentence for your answer.

Q1. A. It came as something of a surprise when scientists determined that human beings share almost 99 percent of their genetic material with chimpanzees.

B. Prehuman bipeds predated stone tools, which appeared approximately 2.5 million year ago.

C. Despite all the is held in common, however, the differences are crucial and allow humans to be allotted their won genus and species, Homo sapiens.

D. This led one scientific journalist to refer to humans as “the third chimpanzee.”

(a) Only A

(b) Only B

(c) Only C

(d) Only D

(e) None of the above

 

Q2. A. This is the country where the leader of the ruling party, the speaker of the lower house of parliament, at least three chief ministers, and a number of sports and business icons are women.

B. It is also a country where a generation of newly empowered young women are going out to work in large number than ever before.

C. It’s early days yet, but one hopes these are the first stirrings of change.

D. Trust Law, a news service run by Thomson Reuters, has ranked India as the worst G20 country in which to be a woman.

(a) Only A

(b) Only B

(c) Only C

(d) Only D

(e) None of the above

Q3. A. For no apparent reason you cannot help yourself from humming or singing a tune by Lady Gaga or Coldplay, or horror upon horrors, the latest American Idol reject.

B. Songs that get stuck in your head and go round and round, sometimes for days, sometimes for months.

C. Some people call them earworms.

D. It there was nothing unique about them they would be swamped by all the other memories that sound similar too.

(a) Only A

(b) Only B

(c) Only C

(d) Only D

(e) None of the above

Q4. A. Nasa could design another rover, equipped with all sorts of life-hunting instrumentation, only to find it is taking the wrong measurements with the wrong detectors.

B. The reason scientists favour a sample return mission is that they do not know exactly what they are looking for.

C. Lunar rocks and soil were sealed in bags and only opened in airtight laboratories.

D. Martian life, for example, could come in many different guises and using equipment designed to detect life on Earth, may not pick it up on Mars.

(a) Only A

(b) Only B

(c) Only C

(d) Only D

(e) None of the above

Q5. A. I am particularly optimistic about the potential for technological innovation to improve the lives of the poorest people in the world.

B. Companies are then willing to make the investments required to build new systems, and customers are able to accept the transition costs of adopting new behaviours.

C. But I believe that a realistic appraisal of the human condition compels an optimistic worldview.

D. Usually, “optimism” and “realism” are used to describe two different outlooks on life.

(a) Only A

(b) Only B

(c) Only C

(d) Only D

(e) None of the above

Q6. A. New technologies of various kinds, together with globalization, are powerfully affecting the range of employment options for individuals in advanced and developing countries alike – and at various levels of education.

B. From recent research, we have learned a number of interesting things about how the evolution of economic structure affects employment.

C. How, then, should policymakers confront the new and difficult challenges for employment especially in developed economies?

D. Technological innovations are not only reducing the number of routine jobs, but also causing changes in global supply chains and networks that result in the relocation of routine jobs – and, increasingly, non-routine jobs at multiple skill levels – in the tradable sector of many economies.

(a) Only A

(b) Only B

(c) Only C

(d) Only D

(e) None of the above

New Pattern for English: Quiz

Dear Readers,

Direction: In the passage given below words are given in bold, each followed by a number given in the brackets. Every word in bold has five alternatives. Find the word which best suits the place. If the given word suits the blank, mark 'no correction/change required' as the answer:

In the 1980s, ‘pseudo-secularism’ and ‘minority-ism’ were the two principal issues of Indian politics. These expressions, used by the BJP, denote grievances (1) of Muslims by the ruling Congress, and in subsequent decades, by regional forces.
A section of the Hindu majority also always felt secure (2) about it. This grief was shared by many Congress leaders as well. The Muslim leadership, too, in the name of marginalization from the structures of power and economy, pursued their politics almost exclusively for emotive identity-related issues of personal law, Urdu, Muslim universities, etc. Cultural identities were not defined in terms of regional, ethnic and linguistic diversities of the religious communities. At least on this particular issue, ‘secular’ politics, their Muslim leadership and the majoritarian communal politics were all on the same board. Playing the majoritarian communal card became easier for a Hindu team (3). The Muslim leadership asked for their conservatism to be preserved and safeguarded (4).Whatever they asked for was granted, all in the name of ‘secularism’. Muslim politics did not go beyond this, even though their uninterupted (5) under-representation in every sphere of education, economy and power continued.

1) Find out the appropriate word 1. 
a) irritation
b) enragement
c) placation
d) baleful
e) No correction required

ENGLISH- RBI ASSISTANT MAINS/ CLERK MAINS

Directions (1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.

Until now, discovery was often considered the main goal of medical science. But nowadays discovery is almost too easy. Anyone with a little funding and a few biological specimens in a refrigerator can make thousands of postulated "discoveries."

Indeed, the number of research questions that we can pose is increasing exponentially. Medical kits the size of a thumbnail can measure a million different biological factors on an individual with an infinitesimal amount of blood. A million research questions can be asked on the spot. But even with proper statistical testing, many tens of thousands of these biological factors may seem to be important due to mere chance. Only a handful of them really will be. The vast majority of these initial research claims would yield only spurious findings.

So the main issue nowadays is to validate "discoveries" by replicating them under different settings. Several different teams of researchers need to see them "work" again and again using common rules. Moreover, all the teams should agree not to select and report only the data that seem most impressive. With selective reporting we would end up with a long list of all the false discoveries made across all research teams, with only a few true findings buried among this pile of non-replicated waste.

In fact, empirical data suggest the significance of this danger. In a paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association published in July 2005, I showed that refutation is very common, even for the most prestigious research findings. I examined the 45 clinical research findings that had received the greatest recognition in the scientific world, as documented by the number of times other scientists had cited them over the last 15 years.

Even with the most robust types of research—for example, randomized clinical trials—one of four of these results had already been found to be wrong or potentially exaggerated within a few years after publication. For epidemiology (e.g., studies on vitamins, diet, or hormones in terms of their association with health outcomes in the general population), four-fifths of the most prestigious findings were rapidly contradicted. For molecular research, in the absence of extensive replication, the refutation rate may occasionally exceed 99%.

But we should not panic. It is to be expected that the majority of research findings are rapidly contradicted and refuted; indeed, it is part of how progress of science occurs. However, we need to adapt to this situation. Instead of taking scientific evidence as dogma, we should consider it as tentative information that should be ascribed a level of credibility.

There is nothing wrong with disseminating scientific information that has a credibility of 10%, or even 1%. Sometimes, this will be the best evidence we have. But we should get used to understanding that some research findings have very low credibility, while others may be more likely to stand the test of time. Scientists themselves may be able to ascribe these levels of credibility to their own work in fairness, if they describe in detail what they set out to do, and how they did it.

Science is a noble pursuit, but genuine progress in scientific research is not easy to achieve. It requires a lot of time, continuous effort, uncompromising integrity, appropriate funding and material support, and unwavering commitment. Proposed scientific advances require careful validation and replication by independent scientists. Scientific knowledge is never final, but it evolves continuously. This is part of the great fascination of science, and it fosters liberty of thought.

While these principles are probably well known to serious scientists, they are often forgotten when scientific information is disseminated. Our society is awash with inflated information, which is inherent to efforts in many human activities—entertainment, law courts, stock markets, politics, and sports, to name but a few—to gain greater public attention in the framework of mass civilization.

But it would be a damaging to expect science to "show off' in this way. Exaggeration contradicts the key hallmarks of scientific' reasoning: critical thinking and careful appraisal of the evidence. 

Q1. Which of the following is most nearly similar in meaning of the word postulated as used in the passage?

(a) postpone

(b) deny

(c) hypothesize

(d) belie

(e) disavow

Q2. Which of the following is most nearly similar in meaning of the word spurious as used in the passage?

(a) supports 

(b) authentic

(c) start

(d) genuine

(e) fake

New pattern English: Quiz

Dear Readers,

Directions (1-10): In the following questions, choose the grammatically correct sentence from among the five options given for each question. 

Q1. A. It looks like it is going to rain this afternoon.

B. It looks as if it is going to rain this afternoon.

C. It looks as if it is going to rain today afternoon.

D. It looks like it is going to rain today afternoon.

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D 

(e) None of these 

Q2. A. A belief that he is humble and being really humble is what makes him so likeable.

B. A belief that he is humble and being really humble are what makes him so likable.

C. Believing that he is humble and really being humble is what makes him so likeable.

D. Believing that he is humble and really being humble are what makes him so likable.

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D 

(e) None of these 

Q3. A. This book left by who knows whom? has been lying here for days.

B. This book - left by who knows whom - has been lying here for days.

C. This book left by - who knows who? - has been lying here for days.

D. This book left by - who knows who - has been lying here for days.

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D 

(e) None of these 

Q4. A. I can understand my sister better than my mother.

B. I can understand my sister more than my mother.

C. I can better understand my sister than my mother.

D. I can understand my sister better than I can understand my mother.

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D 

(e) None of these 

New Pattern English: Quiz

Directions (1-15): Four sentences are given with a blank in each. Five words are also given. The blank in each sentence can be filled by one or more words. Similarly, each word given in the choices can go into any number of sentences. Identify the number of sentences each word can go into and mark as your answer the maximum number of sentences any word can go into. 

Q1. A. The millionaire has __________ Rs. 10,00,000 for this priceless artifact.

B. In a/an __________ to rescue the child who was caught in fire, she sustained burns.

C. I went to the railway station to __________ goodbye to my friend.

D. I was asked to __________ a price by the auctioneer.

(a) quoted

(b) attempt

(c) bid

(d) say

(e) spend

Q2. A. He __________ many spine-chilling anecdotes to us.

B. The law extends to several __________ groups.

C. This person is not __________ to me in any way, he is a trickster.

D. The two groups are __________ to each other.

(a) allied

(b) connected

(c) related

(d) recounted

(e) narrated

Q3. A. Can you please __________ the bell?

B. The words spoken by him still __________ in my ears.

C. Mahatma Gandhi was the __________ leader of the Non-Cooperation movement.

D. I shall give you a __________ after reaching home.

(a) sound

(b) ring

(c) chief

(d) call

(e) sell

Q4. A. Many students still __________ around the college, even after the classes are over.

B. Every citizen of India should __________ his head in shame at the brutal killings in the name of religion.

C. There is ample space in the wardrobe for you to __________ your clothes.

D. “__________ the perpetrators of the crime!” shouted the angry mob.

(a) execute

(b) loiter

(c) hang

(d) bend

(e) store

RC IBPS CLERK/PO/SBI PO/RBI/SSC

Directions (1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions given below it.

Today, with a Noble prize to its credit, Grameen is one of the largest microfinance organisations in the world. It started out lending small sums to poor entrepreneurs in Bangladesh to help them grow from a subsistence living to a livelihood. The great discovery its founders made was that even with few assets, these entrepreneurs repaid on time. Grameen and microfinance have since become financial staples of the developing world. Grameen’s approach, unlike other microfinanciers, uses the group-lending model. Costs are kept down by having borrowers vet one another, typing together their financial fates and eliminating expensive loan officers entirely. The ultimate promise of Grameen is to use business lending as a way for people to lift themselves out of poverty.

 Recently Grameen has taken on a different challenge – by setting up operations in the US. Money may be tight in the waning recession, but it is still a nation of 1,00,000 bank branches. Globally, the working microfinance equation consists of borrowing funds cheaply and keeping loan defaults and overhead expenses sufficiently low. Microlenders, including Grameen, do this by charging colossal interest rates – as high as 60% or 70% - Which is necessary to compensate for the risk and attract bank funding. But loans at rates much above the standard 15% would most likely be attacked as usurious in America.

So, the question is whether there is a role for a Third World lender in the world’s largest economy. Grameen America believes that in a few years it will be successful and turn a profit, thanks to 9 million US households untouched by mainstream banks and 21 million using the likes of payday loans and pawn ships for financing. But enticing the unbanked won’t be easy. After all, profit has long eluded US microfinanciers and if it is not lucrative, it is not microlending, but charity. When Grameen first went to the US, in the late 1980s, it tripped up. Under Grameen’s tutelage, banks started microloans to entrepreneurs with a shocking 30% loss. But Grameen America says that this time results will be different because Grameen employees themselves will be making the loans, not training an American bank to do it. More often than not, the borrowers, Grameen finds, in the US already have jobs (as factory  workers for example) or side businesses – selling toys, cleaning houses etc. The loans from Grameen, by and large, provides the steadier source of funding, but they don't create businesses out of anything. But money isn’t everything. More importantly for many entrepreneurs, group members are tremendous sources of support to one another. So even if studies are yet to determine if Grameen is a clear-cut pathway out of poverty, it still achieves something useful.

Q1. What has adversely affected the success of microfinance institutions in the US?

(a) The focus of these institutions is on making a profit at any cost instead of being charitable to the needy.

(b) American banks engaged in microlending were the most severely hit during the recession.

(c) A widespread perception among bankers that these institutions are better suited to developing countries.

(d) Their failure to attract those outside the formal banking system as customers

(e) Americans are too proud to accept aid from Third World countries.

Q2. Why has Grameen made a second attempt to launch itself in the US?

(a) The willingness of US banks to provide the necessary staff and funds to facilitate the spread of microfinance

(b) The rates of interest on loans in the US are exorbitant, making it easier to recover capital.

(c) The realization that a large percentage of the American population not reached by mainstream banks can be trapped

(d) Recognition of the fact that disbursing credit in developing countries during the recession is too risky.

(e) None of these