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English RC Inference Based on New Pattern

1. Question

Direction (1-5) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.

Enunciated by Jung as an integral part of his psychology in 1916 immediately after his unsettling confrontation with the unconscious, the transcendent function was seen by Jung as uniting the opposites, transforming psyche, and central to the individuation process. It also undoubtedly reflects his personal experience in coming to terms with the unconscious. Jung portrayed the transcendent function as operating through symbol and fantasy and mediating between the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious to prompt the emergence of a new, third posture that transcends the two. In exploring the details of the transcendent function and its connection to other Jungian constructs, this work has unearthed significant changes, ambiguities, and inconsistencies in Jung’s writings. Further, it has identified two separate images of the transcendent function: First, the narrow transcendent function, the function or process within Jung’s pantheon of psychic structures, generally seen as the uniting of the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious from which a new attitude emerges; and Second, the expansive transcendent function, the root metaphor for psyche or being psychological that subsumes Jung’s pantheon and that apprehends the most fundamental psychic activity of interacting with the unknown or other. This book has also posited that the expansive transcendent function, as the root metaphor for exchanges between conscious and the unconscious, is the wellspring from whence flows other key Jungian structures such as the archetypes and the Self, and is the core of the individuation process. The expansive transcendent function has been explored further by surveying other schools of psychology, with both depth and non-depth orientations, and evaluating the transcendent function alongside structures or processes in those other schools which play similar mediatory and/or transitional roles.

It can be definitely inferred from the passage above that-

o The expansive transcendent function would include elements of both the Consciousness and the Unconscious.

o Archetypes emerge from the narrow transcendent function.

o The whole work, from which this excerpt is taken, primarily concerns itself with the inconsistencies in Jung’s writings.

o Jung’s pantheon of concepts subsumes the root metaphor of psyche.

o The transcendent is the core of the individuation process.

The expansive transcendent function would include elements of both the Consciousness and the Unconscious.

The option is indicated in the sentence beginning with “This book has also posited…”. While option (D) is directly stated in the passage and option (D) is wrong in that apart from inconsistencies the book also reveals changes and ambiguities; the other options are wrong.

2. Question

The above passage is most likely an excerpt from:

o A research note

o An entry on a psychopathology blog

o A popular magazine article

o A scholarly treatise

o A newspaper article

A popular magazine article

The article is the review of a book likely to appear in a popular magazine article.

3. Question

A comparison similar to the distinction between the two images of the transcendent function would be:

o raucous: hilarious

o synchronicity: ontology

o recession: withdrawal

o penurious: decrepit

o none of the above

synchronicity: ontology

As narrow transcendent function forms a part of expansive transcendent function, so is synchronicity which is a part of ontology, a branch of metaphysical study.

4. Question

As per the passage, the key Jungian structure – other than the Self – that emerges from the expansive transcendent function may NOT be expressed as a(n):

o Stereotype

o Anomaly

o Idealized model

o Original pattern

o Epitome

Anomaly

The key Jungian structure does not go against the expansive transcendent pattern, though its paradigm of function changes. So(B) is the correct Answers.

5. Question

Choose the word most similar in meaning to the word “ Posit” as used in the passage.

o Eschew

o Reprobate

o Outcast

o Censure

o Propound

Propound

Posit means put forward as fact or as a basis for argument. Propound means put forward (an idea or theory) for consideration by others. So both are similar in meanings.

6. Question

Direction (6-10) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.

Exsys CORVID is a revolutionary approach to developing and fielding online knowledge automation expert systems – for the Web, and as stand-alone systems, which can be delivered cross-platform. For the first time, it is possible to convert complex problem – solving logic into a form that can be easily incorporated into a Web site.

Providing access to expert decision-making knowledge is the best way for business to attract and retain customers, realize efficiency gains, and have a significant competitive edge. For over 20 years EXSYS Inc. has been the leader in providing proven technology to build and deploy interactive knowledge automation expert systems, which deliver a company’s most valuable asset, expert knowledge – to the people who need it, whenever they need it.

Distributed enterprise-wide, organizations are increasing productivity, cutting costs and improving customer relations – while creating new profit centers and achieving demonstrable return on investment. Exsys CORVID converts expert knowledge into a form that allows delivery of advice and recommendations to improve performance, capability and efficiency, while reducing training and costly errors. EXSYS products are used by over 50% of the Fortune 100 companies, many Government agencies, and thousands of businesses and organizations.

CORVID was developed by EXSYS Inc. – the company that fifrst brought practical expert system development to the PC in 1983, and first brought expert systems to the Web in 1996. EXSYS Inc’s founder, Dustin Huntington, and the company’s software developers have over 21 years experience in the artificial intelligence field and in designing practical expert system development tools. The original EXSYS Developer software is the longest lived such product on the market, with continuous use in business and industry for over 20 years.

Exsys CORVID resulted from a broad and intensive examination of what is needed to build and field expert system in today’s Internet oriented world. CORVID is designed to provide a unique powerful product that allows businesses and organizations to easily develop and field powerful online advisory applications, while still maintaining EXSYS’s long support for other types of expert systems.

CORVID brings three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert system development.

*Understandable, Systematic Rule-Based Logic

*A Practical, Efficient Development Environment

*Easy, Cross-Platform Java-Based Web Deployment

In examining how to enable users build expert systems in the most effective manner, many approaches were considered. EXSYS products have traditionally used a pure rule-based approach to logic and this has proven to be extremely effective for thousands of users. Some other expert system tools have taken a rigorously object-oriented approach, which results in a much more difficult and complex development environment. An object-oriented approach is very effective for programming, but often does not work well for human decision-making processes. Most decisions are thought of and described by people as, “If…. Then…” type logic. Often this does not easily convert to a class hierarchy or an object-oriented approach, and does not match the way they think about the decision-making process.

While many decision-making problems are not easy to express in an object-oriented methodology, there are tremendous benefits in using object-structured components. This difference between true object-oriented programming and object-structured programming is what has made Microsoft’s Visual Basic (VB) so popular. VB is not a true object-oriented programming language, though it provides many object-based features.

This simplification has allowed VB to be used by more programmers than practically all other languages combined. Exsys CORVID is based on the VB model. It provides an object structure that makes it easy to build systems using methods and properties of variable classes, while not requiring the developer to change the way they think and describe their decision-making steps and logic. The result is a very flexible and powerful development environment that can easily be learned.

CORVID has seven types of variables that provide a wide range of functions. The powerful collection variable allows data to be “collected” from multiple runs and enables many new capabilities. A variety of methods and properties for all of the variables allow them to be used in new and unique ways to solve problems and display results.

CORVID introduces a new concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic. CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be associated with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially to each row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all the “generic” logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a spreadsheet file. Updating and maintaining the system is as simple as changing the spreadsheet to have new data. Product selection problems have never been simpler – especially for situations where the product line or details are frequently changing, such as inventory or pricing.

Logic Blocks are built and maintained in a very visually oriented development environment that is easy to learn and use. The underlying knowledge representation in the block is still an If/Then rule, making it easy to read and understand, but a Logic Block provides a way to organize and use the rules in a way not previously possible.

Who is Exsys?

o Founded by Dustin Huntington, EXSYS Inc. brought practical expert system development to the PC in 1983, and was the first company to bring knowledge automation to the Web in 1996.

o It is a software solution provider, providing cost-effective software, training, support, and consultancy to help businesses and organizations deliver knowledge and decision-making expertise.

o EXSYS software is the longest lived such product on the market, with continuous use in business and industry.

o Both statements ‘A’ and ‘C’ are correct but statement ‘C’ is dubious.

o All the statements ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct

All the statements ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct

Refer the third and fourth paragraphs, all these points are clearly mentioned in these two paragraphs.

7. Question

CORVID brings three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert system development.

*Understandable, Systematic Rule-Based Logic

*A Practical, Efficient Development Environment

*Easy, Cross-Platform Java-Based Web Deployment

CORVID introduces a new concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic. CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be associated with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially to each row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all the “generic” logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a spreadsheet file. Updating and maintaining the system is as simple as changing the spreadsheet to have new data. Product selection problems have never been simpler – especially for situations where the product line or details are frequently changing, such as inventory or pricing.

Choose the word most opposite in meaning to the word “GENERIC” as used in the passage ?

o Discrete

o Definite

o Comprehensive

o Peculiar

o Precise

Comprehensive

Generic means characteristic of or relating to a class or group of things; not specific hence comprehensive is the word most similar in meaning.

8. Question

CORVID brings three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert system development.

*Understandable, Systematic Rule-Based Logic

*A Practical, Efficient Development Environment

*Easy, Cross-Platform Java-Based Web Deployment

CORVID introduces a new concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic. CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be associated with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially to each row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all the “generic” logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a spreadsheet file. Updating and maintaining the system is as simple as changing the spreadsheet to have new data. Product selection problems have never been simpler – especially for situations where the product line or details are frequently changing, such as inventory or pricing.

Author mentions Exsys CORVID as “knowledge Automation Expert System”. What does the term “knowledge” mean in the context?

o Facts, truths, and beliefs, perspectives and concepts, judgments and expectations, methodologies and know-how.

o Accumulated and integrated pool held over time to handle specific situations and challenges.

o Facts and data organized to describe a particular situation or condition.

o Ability to determine what a specific situation means and application to interpret information about the situation and to decide how to handle it.

o None of the above statements describe the term in an appropriate fashion.

Accumulated and integrated pool held over time to handle specific situations and challenges.

Refer the second paragraph, “For over 20 years EXSYS Inc. has been the leader in providing proven technology to build and deploy interactive knowledge automation expert systems, which deliver a company’s most valuable asset, expert knowledge – to the people who need it, whenever they need it.” From this statement and the subsequent paragraphs that follow make it evident that option (B) is the most appropriate meaning.

9. Question

CORVID brings three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert system development.

*Understandable, Systematic Rule-Based Logic

*A Practical, Efficient Development Environment

*Easy, Cross-Platform Java-Based Web Deployment

CORVID introduces a new concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic. CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be associated with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially to each row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all the “generic” logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a spreadsheet file. Updating and maintaining the system is as simple as changing the spreadsheet to have new data. Product selection problems have never been simpler – especially for situations where the product line or details are frequently changing, such as inventory or pricing.

According to the author, what is the prime message or content of the passage?

o Exsys CORVID provides knowledge representation that makes it easier to build systems, without requiring the developer to change the way they think and describe their decision-making steps and problem-solving logic.

o Exsys CORVID uses the approach of directly delivering knowledge rather than data. The user is asked questions, and based on their input, they are provided with an analyzed decision specific to the individual situation.

o Unlike other decision support approaches like data mining or case-based reasoning, EXSYS provides the only interactive technology that always provides direct delivery of “best fit” recommendations to end-users.

o Both statements (A) and (C) convey the prime message but statement (B) is dubious.

o All the statements, (A), (B) and (C) are conveying the prime messages of the passage.

Refer the eighth paragraph, ” It provides an object structure that makes it easy to build systems using methods and properties of variable classes, while not requiring the developer to change the way they think and describe their decision-making steps and logic.” So(A) is the correct option.

10. Question

CORVID brings three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert system development.

*Understandable, Systematic Rule-Based Logic

*A Practical, Efficient Development Environment

*Easy, Cross-Platform Java-Based Web Deployment

CORVID introduces a new concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic. CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be associated with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially to each row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all the “generic” logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a spreadsheet file. Updating and maintaining the system is as simple as changing the spreadsheet to have new data. Product selection problems have never been simpler – especially for situations where the product line or details are frequently changing, such as inventory or pricing.

Choose the word most opposite in meaning to the word “ Revolutionary” as used in the passage.

o Politician

o Wide-ranging

o Astounding

o Conventional

o Subversive

Revolutionary means involving or causing a complete or dramatic change. Hence ‘ conventional’ is the word most opposite in meaning to it.

Pages

Friday, November 10, 2017

English RC Inference Based on New Pattern

Study Hour's

www.studyhours.tk studyhourss.blogspot.in

English RC Inference Based on New Pattern

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