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English RC Inference Based on New Pattern
1.
Question
Direction (1-5) Read
the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Enunciated by Jung as
an integral part of his psychology in 1916 immediately after his unsettling
confrontation with the unconscious, the transcendent function was seen by Jung
as uniting the opposites, transforming psyche, and central to the individuation
process. It also undoubtedly reflects his personal experience in coming to
terms with the unconscious. Jung portrayed the transcendent function as
operating through symbol and fantasy and mediating between the opposites of
consciousness and the unconscious to prompt the emergence of a new, third
posture that transcends the two. In exploring the details of the transcendent
function and its connection to other Jungian constructs, this work has
unearthed significant changes, ambiguities, and inconsistencies in Jung’s
writings. Further, it has identified two separate images of the transcendent
function: First, the narrow transcendent function, the function or process
within Jung’s pantheon of psychic structures, generally seen as the uniting of
the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious from which a new attitude
emerges; and Second, the expansive transcendent function, the root metaphor for
psyche or being psychological that subsumes Jung’s pantheon and that apprehends
the most fundamental psychic activity of interacting with the unknown or other.
This book has also posited that the expansive transcendent
function, as the root metaphor for exchanges between conscious and the
unconscious, is the wellspring from whence flows other key Jungian structures
such as the archetypes and the Self, and is the core of the individuation
process. The expansive transcendent function has been explored further by
surveying other schools of psychology, with both depth and non-depth
orientations, and evaluating the transcendent function alongside structures or
processes in those other schools which play similar mediatory and/or
transitional roles.
It can be definitely
inferred from the passage above that-
o
The
expansive transcendent function would include elements of both the
Consciousness and the Unconscious.
o
Archetypes
emerge from the narrow transcendent function.
o
The
whole work, from which this excerpt is taken, primarily concerns itself with
the inconsistencies in Jung’s writings.
o
Jung’s
pantheon of concepts subsumes the root metaphor of psyche.
o
The
transcendent is the core of the individuation process.
The expansive transcendent function would include elements of
both the Consciousness and the Unconscious.
The option is indicated in the sentence beginning with “This
book has also posited…”. While option (D) is directly stated in the passage and
option (D) is wrong in that apart from inconsistencies the book also reveals
changes and ambiguities; the other options are wrong.
2.
Question
Enunciated by Jung as
an integral part of his psychology in 1916 immediately after his unsettling
confrontation with the unconscious, the transcendent function was seen by Jung
as uniting the opposites, transforming psyche, and central to the individuation
process. It also undoubtedly reflects his personal experience in coming to
terms with the unconscious. Jung portrayed the transcendent function as
operating through symbol and fantasy and mediating between the opposites of
consciousness and the unconscious to prompt the emergence of a new, third
posture that transcends the two. In exploring the details of the transcendent
function and its connection to other Jungian constructs, this work has
unearthed significant changes, ambiguities, and inconsistencies in Jung’s
writings. Further, it has identified two separate images of the transcendent
function: First, the narrow transcendent function, the function or process
within Jung’s pantheon of psychic structures, generally seen as the uniting of
the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious from which a new attitude
emerges; and Second, the expansive transcendent function, the root metaphor for
psyche or being psychological that subsumes Jung’s pantheon and that apprehends
the most fundamental psychic activity of interacting with the unknown or other.
This book has also posited that the expansive transcendent
function, as the root metaphor for exchanges between conscious and the
unconscious, is the wellspring from whence flows other key Jungian structures
such as the archetypes and the Self, and is the core of the individuation
process. The expansive transcendent function has been explored further by
surveying other schools of psychology, with both depth and non-depth
orientations, and evaluating the transcendent function alongside structures or
processes in those other schools which play similar mediatory and/or
transitional roles.
The above passage is
most likely an excerpt from:
o
A
research note
o
An
entry on a psychopathology blog
o
A
popular magazine article
o
A
scholarly treatise
o
A
newspaper article
A popular magazine article
The article is the review of a book likely to appear in a popular
magazine article.
3.
Question
Enunciated by Jung as an integral part of his psychology in 1916
immediately after his unsettling confrontation with the unconscious, the
transcendent function was seen by Jung as uniting the opposites, transforming
psyche, and central to the individuation process. It also undoubtedly reflects
his personal experience in coming to terms with the unconscious. Jung portrayed
the transcendent function as operating through symbol and fantasy and mediating
between the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious to prompt the
emergence of a new, third posture that transcends the two. In exploring the
details of the transcendent function and its connection to other Jungian
constructs, this work has unearthed significant changes, ambiguities, and
inconsistencies in Jung’s writings. Further, it has identified two separate
images of the transcendent function: First, the narrow transcendent function,
the function or process within Jung’s pantheon of psychic structures, generally
seen as the uniting of the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious from
which a new attitude emerges; and Second, the expansive transcendent function,
the root metaphor for psyche or being psychological that subsumes Jung’s
pantheon and that apprehends the most fundamental psychic activity of
interacting with the unknown or other. This book has also posited that
the expansive transcendent function, as the root metaphor for exchanges between
conscious and the unconscious, is the wellspring from whence flows other key
Jungian structures such as the archetypes and the Self, and is the core of the
individuation process. The expansive transcendent function has been explored
further by surveying other schools of psychology, with both depth and non-depth
orientations, and evaluating the transcendent function alongside structures or
processes in those other schools which play similar mediatory and/or
transitional roles.
A comparison similar to the distinction between the two images
of the transcendent function would be:
o
raucous:
hilarious
o
synchronicity:
ontology
o
recession:
withdrawal
o
penurious:
decrepit
o
none
of the above
synchronicity: ontology
As narrow transcendent function forms a part of expansive
transcendent function, so is synchronicity which is a part of ontology, a
branch of metaphysical study.
4.
Question
Enunciated by Jung as an integral part of his psychology in 1916
immediately after his unsettling confrontation with the unconscious, the
transcendent function was seen by Jung as uniting the opposites, transforming
psyche, and central to the individuation process. It also undoubtedly reflects
his personal experience in coming to terms with the unconscious. Jung portrayed
the transcendent function as operating through symbol and fantasy and mediating
between the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious to prompt the
emergence of a new, third posture that transcends the two. In exploring the
details of the transcendent function and its connection to other Jungian
constructs, this work has unearthed significant changes, ambiguities, and
inconsistencies in Jung’s writings. Further, it has identified two separate
images of the transcendent function: First, the narrow transcendent function,
the function or process within Jung’s pantheon of psychic structures, generally
seen as the uniting of the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious from
which a new attitude emerges; and Second, the expansive transcendent function,
the root metaphor for psyche or being psychological that subsumes Jung’s
pantheon and that apprehends the most fundamental psychic activity of
interacting with the unknown or other. This book has also posited that
the expansive transcendent function, as the root metaphor for exchanges between
conscious and the unconscious, is the wellspring from whence flows other key
Jungian structures such as the archetypes and the Self, and is the core of the
individuation process. The expansive transcendent function has been explored
further by surveying other schools of psychology, with both depth and non-depth
orientations, and evaluating the transcendent function alongside structures or
processes in those other schools which play similar mediatory and/or
transitional roles.
As per the passage, the key Jungian structure – other than the
Self – that emerges from the expansive transcendent function may NOT be
expressed as a(n):
o
Stereotype
o
Anomaly
o
Idealized
model
o
Original
pattern
o
Epitome
Anomaly
The key Jungian structure does not go against the expansive
transcendent pattern, though its paradigm of function changes. So(B) is the
correct Answers.
5.
Question
Enunciated by Jung as an integral part of his psychology in 1916
immediately after his unsettling confrontation with the unconscious, the
transcendent function was seen by Jung as uniting the opposites, transforming
psyche, and central to the individuation process. It also undoubtedly reflects
his personal experience in coming to terms with the unconscious. Jung portrayed
the transcendent function as operating through symbol and fantasy and mediating
between the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious to prompt the
emergence of a new, third posture that transcends the two. In exploring the
details of the transcendent function and its connection to other Jungian
constructs, this work has unearthed significant changes, ambiguities, and
inconsistencies in Jung’s writings. Further, it has identified two separate
images of the transcendent function: First, the narrow transcendent function,
the function or process within Jung’s pantheon of psychic structures, generally
seen as the uniting of the opposites of consciousness and the unconscious from
which a new attitude emerges; and Second, the expansive transcendent function,
the root metaphor for psyche or being psychological that subsumes Jung’s
pantheon and that apprehends the most fundamental psychic activity of
interacting with the unknown or other. This book has also posited that
the expansive transcendent function, as the root metaphor for exchanges between
conscious and the unconscious, is the wellspring from whence flows other key
Jungian structures such as the archetypes and the Self, and is the core of the
individuation process. The expansive transcendent function has been explored
further by surveying other schools of psychology, with both depth and non-depth
orientations, and evaluating the transcendent function alongside structures or
processes in those other schools which play similar mediatory and/or
transitional roles.
Choose the word most similar in meaning to the word “ Posit” as
used in the passage.
o
Eschew
o
Reprobate
o
Outcast
o
Censure
o
Propound
Propound
Posit means put forward as fact or as a basis for argument.
Propound means put forward (an idea or theory) for consideration by others. So
both are similar in meanings.
6.
Question
Direction (6-10) Read
the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Exsys CORVID is a
revolutionary approach to developing and fielding online knowledge automation
expert systems – for the Web, and as stand-alone systems, which can be
delivered cross-platform. For the first time, it is possible to convert complex
problem – solving logic into a form that can be easily incorporated into a Web
site.
Providing access to
expert decision-making knowledge is the best way for business to attract and
retain customers, realize efficiency gains, and have a significant competitive
edge. For over 20 years EXSYS Inc. has been the leader in providing proven
technology to build and deploy interactive knowledge automation expert systems,
which deliver a company’s most valuable asset, expert knowledge – to the people
who need it, whenever they need it.
Distributed
enterprise-wide, organizations are increasing productivity, cutting costs and
improving customer relations – while creating new profit centers and achieving
demonstrable return on investment. Exsys CORVID converts expert knowledge into
a form that allows delivery of advice and recommendations to improve
performance, capability and efficiency, while reducing training and costly
errors. EXSYS products are used by over 50% of the Fortune 100 companies, many
Government agencies, and thousands of businesses and organizations.
CORVID was developed
by EXSYS Inc. – the company that fifrst brought practical expert system
development to the PC in 1983, and first brought expert systems to the Web in
1996. EXSYS Inc’s founder, Dustin Huntington, and the company’s software
developers have over 21 years experience in the artificial intelligence field
and in designing practical expert system development tools. The original EXSYS
Developer software is the longest lived such product on the market, with
continuous use in business and industry for over 20 years.
Exsys CORVID resulted
from a broad and intensive examination of what is needed to build and field
expert system in today’s Internet oriented world. CORVID is designed to provide
a unique powerful product that allows businesses and organizations to easily
develop and field powerful online advisory applications, while still
maintaining EXSYS’s long support for other types of expert systems.
CORVID brings
three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert
system development.
*Understandable,
Systematic Rule-Based Logic
*A Practical,
Efficient Development Environment
*Easy, Cross-Platform
Java-Based Web Deployment
In examining how to
enable users build expert systems in the most effective manner, many approaches
were considered. EXSYS products have traditionally used a pure rule-based
approach to logic and this has proven to be extremely effective for thousands
of users. Some other expert system tools have taken a rigorously object-oriented
approach, which results in a much more difficult and complex development
environment. An object-oriented approach is very effective for programming, but
often does not work well for human decision-making processes. Most decisions
are thought of and described by people as, “If…. Then…” type logic. Often this
does not easily convert to a class hierarchy or an object-oriented approach,
and does not match the way they think about the decision-making process.
While many
decision-making problems are not easy to express in an object-oriented
methodology, there are tremendous benefits in using object-structured
components. This difference between true object-oriented programming and
object-structured programming is what has made Microsoft’s Visual Basic (VB) so
popular. VB is not a true object-oriented programming language, though it
provides many object-based features.
This simplification
has allowed VB to be used by more programmers than practically all other
languages combined. Exsys CORVID is based on the VB model. It provides an
object structure that makes it easy to build systems using methods and
properties of variable classes, while not requiring the developer to change the
way they think and describe their decision-making steps and logic. The result
is a very flexible and powerful development environment that can easily be
learned.
CORVID has seven types
of variables that provide a wide range of functions. The powerful collection
variable allows data to be “collected” from multiple runs and enables many new
capabilities. A variety of methods and properties for all of the variables
allow them to be used in new and unique ways to solve problems and display
results.
CORVID introduces a
new concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS
products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many
systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each
decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic.
CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features
not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees
that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks
that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge
base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic
Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be
associated with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially
to each row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all
the “generic” logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a spreadsheet
file. Updating and maintaining the system is as simple as changing the
spreadsheet to have new data. Product selection problems have never been
simpler – especially for situations where the product line or details are
frequently changing, such as inventory or pricing.
Logic Blocks are built
and maintained in a very visually oriented development environment that is easy
to learn and use. The underlying knowledge representation in the block is still
an If/Then rule, making it easy to read and understand, but a Logic Block
provides a way to organize and use the rules in a way not previously possible.
Who is Exsys?
o
Founded
by Dustin Huntington, EXSYS Inc. brought practical expert system development to
the PC in 1983, and was the first company to bring knowledge automation to the
Web in 1996.
o
It
is a software solution provider, providing cost-effective software, training,
support, and consultancy to help businesses and organizations deliver knowledge
and decision-making expertise.
o
EXSYS
software is the longest lived such product on the market, with continuous use
in business and industry.
o
Both
statements ‘A’ and ‘C’ are correct but statement ‘C’ is dubious.
o
All
the statements ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct
All the statements ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct
Refer the third and fourth paragraphs, all these points are
clearly mentioned in these two paragraphs.
7.
Question
Exsys CORVID is a
revolutionary approach to developing and fielding online knowledge automation
expert systems – for the Web, and as stand-alone systems, which can be
delivered cross-platform. For the first time, it is possible to convert complex
problem – solving logic into a form that can be easily incorporated into a Web
site.
Providing access to
expert decision-making knowledge is the best way for business to attract and
retain customers, realize efficiency gains, and have a significant competitive
edge. For over 20 years EXSYS Inc. has been the leader in providing proven
technology to build and deploy interactive knowledge automation expert systems,
which deliver a company’s most valuable asset, expert knowledge – to the people
who need it, whenever they need it.
Distributed
enterprise-wide, organizations are increasing productivity, cutting costs and
improving customer relations – while creating new profit centers and achieving
demonstrable return on investment. Exsys CORVID converts expert knowledge into
a form that allows delivery of advice and recommendations to improve
performance, capability and efficiency, while reducing training and costly
errors. EXSYS products are used by over 50% of the Fortune 100 companies, many
Government agencies, and thousands of businesses and organizations.
CORVID was developed
by EXSYS Inc. – the company that fifrst brought practical expert system
development to the PC in 1983, and first brought expert systems to the Web in
1996. EXSYS Inc’s founder, Dustin Huntington, and the company’s software
developers have over 21 years experience in the artificial intelligence field
and in designing practical expert system development tools. The original EXSYS
Developer software is the longest lived such product on the market, with
continuous use in business and industry for over 20 years.
Exsys CORVID resulted
from a broad and intensive examination of what is needed to build and field
expert system in today’s Internet oriented world. CORVID is designed to provide
a unique powerful product that allows businesses and organizations to easily
develop and field powerful online advisory applications, while still
maintaining EXSYS’s long support for other types of expert systems.
CORVID brings
three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert
system development.
*Understandable,
Systematic Rule-Based Logic
*A Practical,
Efficient Development Environment
*Easy, Cross-Platform
Java-Based Web Deployment
In examining how to
enable users build expert systems in the most effective manner, many approaches
were considered. EXSYS products have traditionally used a pure rule-based
approach to logic and this has proven to be extremely effective for thousands
of users. Some other expert system tools have taken a rigorously
object-oriented approach, which results in a much more difficult and complex
development environment. An object-oriented approach is very effective for
programming, but often does not work well for human decision-making processes.
Most decisions are thought of and described by people as, “If…. Then…” type
logic. Often this does not easily convert to a class hierarchy or an
object-oriented approach, and does not match the way they think about the
decision-making process.
While many
decision-making problems are not easy to express in an object-oriented
methodology, there are tremendous benefits in using object-structured
components. This difference between true object-oriented programming and
object-structured programming is what has made Microsoft’s Visual Basic (VB) so
popular. VB is not a true object-oriented programming language, though it
provides many object-based features.
This simplification
has allowed VB to be used by more programmers than practically all other
languages combined. Exsys CORVID is based on the VB model. It provides an
object structure that makes it easy to build systems using methods and
properties of variable classes, while not requiring the developer to change the
way they think and describe their decision-making steps and logic. The result
is a very flexible and powerful development environment that can easily be
learned.
CORVID has seven types
of variables that provide a wide range of functions. The powerful collection
variable allows data to be “collected” from multiple runs and enables many new
capabilities. A variety of methods and properties for all of the variables
allow them to be used in new and unique ways to solve problems and display
results.
CORVID introduces a
new concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS
products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many
systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each
decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic.
CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features
not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees
that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks
that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge
base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic
Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be
associated with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially
to each row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all
the “generic” logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a
spreadsheet file. Updating and maintaining the system is as simple as changing
the spreadsheet to have new data. Product selection problems have never been
simpler – especially for situations where the product line or details are
frequently changing, such as inventory or pricing.
Logic Blocks are built
and maintained in a very visually oriented development environment that is easy
to learn and use. The underlying knowledge representation in the block is still
an If/Then rule, making it easy to read and understand, but a Logic Block
provides a way to organize and use the rules in a way not previously possible.
Choose the word most
opposite in meaning to the word “GENERIC” as used in the passage ?
o
Discrete
o
Definite
o
Comprehensive
o
Peculiar
o
Precise
Comprehensive
Generic means characteristic of or relating to a class or group
of things; not specific hence comprehensive is the word most similar in
meaning.
8.
Question
Exsys CORVID is a revolutionary approach to developing and
fielding online knowledge automation expert systems – for the Web, and as
stand-alone systems, which can be delivered cross-platform. For the first time,
it is possible to convert complex problem – solving logic into a form that can
be easily incorporated into a Web site.
Providing access to expert decision-making knowledge is the best
way for business to attract and retain customers, realize efficiency gains, and
have a significant competitive edge. For over 20 years EXSYS Inc. has been the
leader in providing proven technology to build and deploy interactive knowledge
automation expert systems, which deliver a company’s most valuable asset,
expert knowledge – to the people who need it, whenever they need it.
Distributed enterprise-wide, organizations are increasing
productivity, cutting costs and improving customer relations – while creating
new profit centers and achieving demonstrable return on investment. Exsys
CORVID converts expert knowledge into a form that allows delivery of advice and
recommendations to improve performance, capability and efficiency, while
reducing training and costly errors. EXSYS products are used by over 50% of the
Fortune 100 companies, many Government agencies, and thousands of businesses
and organizations.
CORVID was developed by EXSYS Inc. – the company that fifrst
brought practical expert system development to the PC in 1983, and first
brought expert systems to the Web in 1996. EXSYS Inc’s founder, Dustin
Huntington, and the company’s software developers have over 21 years experience
in the artificial intelligence field and in designing practical expert system
development tools. The original EXSYS Developer software is the longest lived
such product on the market, with continuous use in business and industry for
over 20 years.
Exsys CORVID resulted from a broad and intensive examination of
what is needed to build and field expert system in today’s Internet oriented
world. CORVID is designed to provide a unique powerful product that allows
businesses and organizations to easily develop and field powerful online
advisory applications, while still maintaining EXSYS’s long support for other
types of expert systems.
CORVID brings three revolutionary changes to
knowledge automation expert system development.
*Understandable, Systematic Rule-Based Logic
*A Practical, Efficient Development Environment
*Easy, Cross-Platform Java-Based Web Deployment
In examining how to enable users build expert systems in the
most effective manner, many approaches were considered. EXSYS products have
traditionally used a pure rule-based approach to logic and this has proven to
be extremely effective for thousands of users. Some other expert system tools
have taken a rigorously object-oriented approach, which results in a much more
difficult and complex development environment. An object-oriented approach is
very effective for programming, but often does not work well for human decision-making
processes. Most decisions are thought of and described by people as, “If….
Then…” type logic. Often this does not easily convert to a class hierarchy or
an object-oriented approach, and does not match the way they think about the
decision-making process.
While many decision-making problems are not easy to express in
an object-oriented methodology, there are tremendous benefits in using
object-structured components. This difference between true object-oriented
programming and object-structured programming is what has made Microsoft’s
Visual Basic (VB) so popular. VB is not a true object-oriented programming
language, though it provides many object-based features.
This simplification has allowed VB to be used by more
programmers than practically all other languages combined. Exsys CORVID is
based on the VB model. It provides an object structure that makes it easy to
build systems using methods and properties of variable classes, while not
requiring the developer to change the way they think and describe their
decision-making steps and logic. The result is a very flexible and powerful
development environment that can easily be learned.
CORVID has seven types of variables that provide a wide range of
functions. The powerful collection variable allows data to be “collected” from
multiple runs and enables many new capabilities. A variety of methods and
properties for all of the variables allow them to be used in new and unique
ways to solve problems and display results.
CORVID introduces a new concept in managing decision-making
logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS products, there are tree logic diagrams,
and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many systems required multiple trees and rules
to collectively provide each decision-making step, with no consistent way to
organize the related logic. CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and
trees, with some new features not found in either. A Logic Block can be any
combination of rules and trees that have a related function. This allows the
logic to be organized into blocks that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be
anything from an entire knowledge base to a single rule – it all depends on what
the problem calls for. Logic Blocks can be run using forward or backward
chaining. They can also be associated with a spreadsheet file to apply the
logic in the block sequentially to each row. This enables a product selection
system to be built that has all the “generic” logic in blocks, and the
entire product details in a spreadsheet file. Updating and maintaining the
system is as simple as changing the spreadsheet to have new data. Product
selection problems have never been simpler – especially for situations where
the product line or details are frequently changing, such as inventory or
pricing.
Logic Blocks are built and maintained in a very visually
oriented development environment that is easy to learn and use. The underlying
knowledge representation in the block is still an If/Then rule, making it easy
to read and understand, but a Logic Block provides a way to organize and use
the rules in a way not previously possible.
Author mentions Exsys CORVID as “knowledge Automation Expert
System”. What does the term “knowledge” mean in the context?
o
Facts,
truths, and beliefs, perspectives and concepts, judgments and expectations,
methodologies and know-how.
o
Accumulated
and integrated pool held over time to handle specific situations and
challenges.
o
Facts
and data organized to describe a particular situation or condition.
o
Ability
to determine what a specific situation means and application to interpret
information about the situation and to decide how to handle it.
o
None
of the above statements describe the term in an appropriate fashion.
Accumulated and integrated pool held over time to handle
specific situations and challenges.
Refer the second paragraph, “For over 20 years EXSYS Inc. has
been the leader in providing proven technology to build and deploy interactive
knowledge automation expert systems, which deliver a company’s most valuable
asset, expert knowledge – to the people who need it, whenever they need it.”
From this statement and the subsequent paragraphs that follow make it evident
that option (B) is the most appropriate meaning.
9.
Question
Exsys CORVID is a
revolutionary approach to developing and fielding online knowledge automation
expert systems – for the Web, and as stand-alone systems, which can be
delivered cross-platform. For the first time, it is possible to convert complex
problem – solving logic into a form that can be easily incorporated into a Web
site.
Providing access to
expert decision-making knowledge is the best way for business to attract and
retain customers, realize efficiency gains, and have a significant competitive
edge. For over 20 years EXSYS Inc. has been the leader in providing proven
technology to build and deploy interactive knowledge automation expert systems,
which deliver a company’s most valuable asset, expert knowledge – to the people
who need it, whenever they need it.
Distributed
enterprise-wide, organizations are increasing productivity, cutting costs and
improving customer relations – while creating new profit centers and achieving
demonstrable return on investment. Exsys CORVID converts expert knowledge into
a form that allows delivery of advice and recommendations to improve
performance, capability and efficiency, while reducing training and costly
errors. EXSYS products are used by over 50% of the Fortune 100 companies, many
Government agencies, and thousands of businesses and organizations.
CORVID was developed
by EXSYS Inc. – the company that fifrst brought practical expert system
development to the PC in 1983, and first brought expert systems to the Web in
1996. EXSYS Inc’s founder, Dustin Huntington, and the company’s software
developers have over 21 years experience in the artificial intelligence field
and in designing practical expert system development tools. The original EXSYS
Developer software is the longest lived such product on the market, with continuous
use in business and industry for over 20 years.
Exsys CORVID resulted
from a broad and intensive examination of what is needed to build and field
expert system in today’s Internet oriented world. CORVID is designed to provide
a unique powerful product that allows businesses and organizations to easily
develop and field powerful online advisory applications, while still
maintaining EXSYS’s long support for other types of expert systems.
CORVID brings
three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert
system development.
*Understandable,
Systematic Rule-Based Logic
*A Practical,
Efficient Development Environment
*Easy, Cross-Platform
Java-Based Web Deployment
In examining how to
enable users build expert systems in the most effective manner, many approaches
were considered. EXSYS products have traditionally used a pure rule-based
approach to logic and this has proven to be extremely effective for thousands
of users. Some other expert system tools have taken a rigorously
object-oriented approach, which results in a much more difficult and complex
development environment. An object-oriented approach is very effective for
programming, but often does not work well for human decision-making processes.
Most decisions are thought of and described by people as, “If…. Then…” type
logic. Often this does not easily convert to a class hierarchy or an
object-oriented approach, and does not match the way they think about the decision-making
process.
While many
decision-making problems are not easy to express in an object-oriented
methodology, there are tremendous benefits in using object-structured
components. This difference between true object-oriented programming and
object-structured programming is what has made Microsoft’s Visual Basic (VB) so
popular. VB is not a true object-oriented programming language, though it
provides many object-based features.
This simplification
has allowed VB to be used by more programmers than practically all other
languages combined. Exsys CORVID is based on the VB model. It provides an
object structure that makes it easy to build systems using methods and
properties of variable classes, while not requiring the developer to change the
way they think and describe their decision-making steps and logic. The result
is a very flexible and powerful development environment that can easily be
learned.
CORVID has seven types
of variables that provide a wide range of functions. The powerful collection
variable allows data to be “collected” from multiple runs and enables many new
capabilities. A variety of methods and properties for all of the variables
allow them to be used in new and unique ways to solve problems and display
results.
CORVID introduces a new
concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS
products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many
systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each
decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic.
CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features
not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees
that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks
that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge
base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic
Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be associated
with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially to each
row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all the “generic”
logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a spreadsheet file. Updating
and maintaining the system is as simple as changing the spreadsheet to have new
data. Product selection problems have never been simpler – especially for
situations where the product line or details are frequently changing, such as
inventory or pricing.
Logic Blocks are built
and maintained in a very visually oriented development environment that is easy
to learn and use. The underlying knowledge representation in the block is still
an If/Then rule, making it easy to read and understand, but a Logic Block
provides a way to organize and use the rules in a way not previously possible.
According to the
author, what is the prime message or content of the passage?
o
Exsys
CORVID provides knowledge representation that makes it easier to build systems,
without requiring the developer to change the way they think and describe their
decision-making steps and problem-solving logic.
o
Exsys
CORVID uses the approach of directly delivering knowledge rather than data. The
user is asked questions, and based on their input, they are provided with an
analyzed decision specific to the individual situation.
o
Unlike
other decision support approaches like data mining or case-based reasoning,
EXSYS provides the only interactive technology that always provides direct
delivery of “best fit” recommendations to end-users.
o
Both
statements (A) and (C) convey the prime message but statement (B) is dubious.
o
All
the statements, (A), (B) and (C) are conveying the prime messages of the
passage.
Refer the eighth paragraph, ” It provides an object structure
that makes it easy to build systems using methods and properties of variable
classes, while not requiring the developer to change the way they think and
describe their decision-making steps and logic.” So(A) is the correct option.
10.
Question
Exsys CORVID is a
revolutionary approach to developing and fielding online knowledge automation
expert systems – for the Web, and as stand-alone systems, which can be
delivered cross-platform. For the first time, it is possible to convert complex
problem – solving logic into a form that can be easily incorporated into a Web
site.
Providing access to
expert decision-making knowledge is the best way for business to attract and
retain customers, realize efficiency gains, and have a significant competitive
edge. For over 20 years EXSYS Inc. has been the leader in providing proven
technology to build and deploy interactive knowledge automation expert systems,
which deliver a company’s most valuable asset, expert knowledge – to the people
who need it, whenever they need it.
Distributed
enterprise-wide, organizations are increasing productivity, cutting costs and
improving customer relations – while creating new profit centers and achieving
demonstrable return on investment. Exsys CORVID converts expert knowledge into
a form that allows delivery of advice and recommendations to improve
performance, capability and efficiency, while reducing training and costly
errors. EXSYS products are used by over 50% of the Fortune 100 companies, many
Government agencies, and thousands of businesses and organizations.
CORVID was developed
by EXSYS Inc. – the company that fifrst brought practical expert system
development to the PC in 1983, and first brought expert systems to the Web in
1996. EXSYS Inc’s founder, Dustin Huntington, and the company’s software
developers have over 21 years experience in the artificial intelligence field
and in designing practical expert system development tools. The original EXSYS
Developer software is the longest lived such product on the market, with continuous
use in business and industry for over 20 years.
Exsys CORVID resulted
from a broad and intensive examination of what is needed to build and field
expert system in today’s Internet oriented world. CORVID is designed to provide
a unique powerful product that allows businesses and organizations to easily
develop and field powerful online advisory applications, while still
maintaining EXSYS’s long support for other types of expert systems.
CORVID brings
three revolutionary changes to knowledge automation expert
system development.
*Understandable,
Systematic Rule-Based Logic
*A Practical,
Efficient Development Environment
*Easy, Cross-Platform
Java-Based Web Deployment
In examining how to
enable users build expert systems in the most effective manner, many approaches
were considered. EXSYS products have traditionally used a pure rule-based
approach to logic and this has proven to be extremely effective for thousands
of users. Some other expert system tools have taken a rigorously
object-oriented approach, which results in a much more difficult and complex
development environment. An object-oriented approach is very effective for
programming, but often does not work well for human decision-making processes.
Most decisions are thought of and described by people as, “If…. Then…” type
logic. Often this does not easily convert to a class hierarchy or an
object-oriented approach, and does not match the way they think about the decision-making
process.
While many
decision-making problems are not easy to express in an object-oriented
methodology, there are tremendous benefits in using object-structured
components. This difference between true object-oriented programming and
object-structured programming is what has made Microsoft’s Visual Basic (VB) so
popular. VB is not a true object-oriented programming language, though it
provides many object-based features.
This simplification
has allowed VB to be used by more programmers than practically all other
languages combined. Exsys CORVID is based on the VB model. It provides an
object structure that makes it easy to build systems using methods and
properties of variable classes, while not requiring the developer to change the
way they think and describe their decision-making steps and logic. The result
is a very flexible and powerful development environment that can easily be
learned.
CORVID has seven types
of variables that provide a wide range of functions. The powerful collection
variable allows data to be “collected” from multiple runs and enables many new
capabilities. A variety of methods and properties for all of the variables
allow them to be used in new and unique ways to solve problems and display
results.
CORVID introduces a new
concept in managing decision-making logic – Logic Block. In previous EXSYS
products, there are tree logic diagrams, and individual ‘If-Then’ rules. Many
systems required multiple trees and rules to collectively provide each
decision-making step, with no consistent way to organize the related logic.
CORVID’s Logic Blocks are a superset of rules and trees, with some new features
not found in either. A Logic Block can be any combination of rules and trees
that have a related function. This allows the logic to be organized into blocks
that behave as objects. A Logic Block can be anything from an entire knowledge
base to a single rule – it all depends on what the problem calls for. Logic
Blocks can be run using forward or backward chaining. They can also be associated
with a spreadsheet file to apply the logic in the block sequentially to each
row. This enables a product selection system to be built that has all the “generic”
logic in blocks, and the entire product details in a spreadsheet file. Updating
and maintaining the system is as simple as changing the spreadsheet to have new
data. Product selection problems have never been simpler – especially for
situations where the product line or details are frequently changing, such as
inventory or pricing.
Logic Blocks are built
and maintained in a very visually oriented development environment that is easy
to learn and use. The underlying knowledge representation in the block is still
an If/Then rule, making it easy to read and understand, but a Logic Block
provides a way to organize and use the rules in a way not previously possible.
Choose the word most
opposite in meaning to the word “ Revolutionary” as used in the passage.
o
Politician
o
Wide-ranging
o
Astounding
o
Conventional
o
Subversive
Revolutionary means involving or causing a complete or
dramatic change. Hence ‘ conventional’ is the word most opposite in meaning to
it.
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