International Summits: Static Awareness

International Summits in 2016-17

Summits	Location Year Headquarters
BRICS Summits	Countries (5) - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa 6th BRICS Summit 2014 – Fortaleza, Brazil 7th BRICS Summit 2015 – UFA, Russia 8th BRICS Summit 2016 – Benaulim, Goa, India 9th BRICS Summit 2017 - Xiamen, China
G-20 Summits	Headquarters - Cancún, Mexico Establishment - 20 August 2003 Chairperson- Angela Merkel, Total Member Countries- 20 Countries = Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom         United States, European Union 9th G 20 Meeting 2014 – Brisbane, Australia 10th G 20 Meeting 2015 – Antalya, Turkey 11th G 20 Meeting 2016 – Hangzhou, China 12th G 20 Meeting 2017 – Germany 13th G 20 Meeting 2018 – Argentina, Buenos Aires
G-7 Annual Summits (Earlier it was G8, Now Russia suspended Temporarily)	Establishment - 1975 Group of Seven Countries – France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada. 40th G8 Summit 2014 – Brussels, Belgium 41st G8 Summit 2015 – Schloss Elmau, Germany 42nd G8 Summit 2016 – Shima, Japan 43rd G8 Summit 2017 – Italy 44th G8 Summit 2018 – Canada 45th G8 Summit 2019 – France 46th G8 Summit 2020 - United States    47th G8 Summit 2021 - United Kingdom
SAARC Summits (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)	Headquarters – Kathmandu, Nepal Formation - 16 January, 1987 First holder - Abul Ahsan Secretary General– Arjun Bahadur Thapa Countries (8)– Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka SAARC Summit Held – 18th SAARC Summit 2014 – Kathmandu, Nepal 19th SAARC Summit 2016 – Islamabad, Pakistan 20th SAARC Summit 2018
ASEAN Summits (Association of South East Asian Nation)	Headquarters - Jakarta, Indonesia Establishment -  8 August 1967 Total Countries – 10 (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma (Myanmar), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam Secretary General – Le Luong Minh (Vietnam) Chairman - Philippines Rodrigo Duterte Summits held – 24th ASEAN Summit 2014 (May)– Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar 25th ASEAN Summit 2014 (November)– Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar 26th ASEAN Summit 2015 (April)– Langkawi, Malaysia 27th ASEAN Summit 2015 (November)– Manila, Philippines 28th ASEAN Summit 2016 ( April ) – Vientiane – Laos 29th ASEAN Summit 2016 ( November )-Vientiane- Laos 30th  ASEAN Summit  2017 (April) -       Philippines,Metro Manila        31st  ASEAN Summit 2017 (November) – Philippine, Clark, Freeport Zone
East Asia Summit (EAS)	Establishment - 1991 by Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. Countries: Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, United States, Vietnam The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a forum held annually EAS meetings are held after annual ASEAN leaders’ meetings. The first summit was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 14 December 2005. Summits Held – 9th East Asia Summit 2014 – Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar 10th East Asia Summit 2015 – Kuala Lumpur .Malaysia 11th East Asia Summit 2016 – Vientiane, Laos 12th East Asia Summit 2017 – TBD, Philippines
IBSA Summits	Headquarters - Stafford St, Abbotsford, Victoria Established – 6th June, 2003 IBSA Dialogue Forum – India, Brazil, South Africa. 1st: March 5th, 2004, in New Delhi 2nd: March 3rd, 2005, in Cape Town 3rd: March 30th, 2006, in Rio de Janeiro 4th: July 16th and 17th, 2007, in New Delhi 5th: May 11th, 2008, in Somerset West 6th: August 31st to September 1st, 2009, in Brasília 7th: March 8th, 2011, in New Delhi
APEC Summits (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)	Headquarters – Singapore Establishment - 1989 Total Countries – (Australia, Canada, Brunei, Chile, china, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, United States, Vietnam). These are total 21 countries. Executive Director – Alan Bollard Summit Held – 26th APEC Summit 2014 – Beijing, China 27th APEC Summit 2015 – Philippines, Manila 28th APEC Summit 2016 – Peru, Lima 29th APEC Summit 2017 – Vietnam, Danang 30th APEC Summit 2018 -  Papua, New Guinea Port Moresby  31st APEC Summit 2019 -  Chile 32nd APEC Summit 2020 - Malaysia        33rd APEC Summit 2021 -  New Zealand            34th APEC Summit 2022 –  Thailand       35th APEC Summit 2023 -   Mexico                     36th APEC Summit 2024 -   Brunei                      37th APEC Summit 2025 -  Republic of Korea    38th APEC Summit 2026 -  Peru
BIMSTEC Summits (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation	Headquarters – Dhaka Establishment - 6 June 1997 Chairmanship – Nepal (since 2014) Total Countries - Bangladesh, India, Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bhutan and Nepal. The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation involving a group of countries in South Asia Summits Held – 1st  BIMSTEC Summit 2004 – Thailand, Bangkok 2nd BIMSTEC Summit 2008 – India,       New Delhi 3rd BIMSTEC Summit 2014 -  Myanmar, Nay Pyi Taw 4th BIMSTEC Summit 2017 -  Nepal, Kathmandu
Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) (2010)	Establishment – 2009 Total Countries – 58 Countries European Union members represented by the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission only (as observer) Summits Held - 1st  NSS 2010 – Washington, D.C, USA 2nd NSS 2012 - South Korea, Seoul 3rd  NSS 2014 – Hague, Netherlands 4th  NSS 2016 – Washington, D.C, USA 5th  NSS 2017 – India
OPEC International Seminar	Headquarters - Vienna, Austria Establishment - 1960, Baghdad Secretary General - Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo Total Countries – (Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela). OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 6th International OPEC – Veinna, Austria
NATO	Headquarters - Brussels, Belgium Establishment -  4 April, 1949 Secretary General - Jens Stoltenberg Total Member Countries - 28 NATO – North Atlantic treaty Organization Summit Held in – NATO Summit 2014 – Wales (Britain), UK (Britain last hosted the     summit in 1990, when Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister) NATO Summit 2016 – Poland, Warsaw NATO Summit 2017 -  Belgium, Brussels NATO Summit 2018 – Turkey, Istanbul
Asian development Bank meeting	Headquarters - Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines Establishment - 19 December 1966 President - Takehiko Nakao Total Member Countries - 67 countries ADB – Asian Development Bank Annual meeting of the board of governors of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) held every year. ADB Annual Meeting 2014 – Astana, Kazakhstan ADB Annual Meeting 2015 – Baku, Azerbaijan ADB Annual Meeting 2016 -       Messe Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany ADB Annual Meeting 2017 - Pacifico Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
Earth Hour	Global earth hour 2015 – Seoul Global earth hour 2016- Australia
NAM Summit	Headquarters - Jakarta, Indonesia Establishment – 1961, Belgrade Secretary General - Nicolás Maduro Total Member Countries - 120 countries NAM Summit Full Form – Non-Allied Moment 16th NAM(Non-Aligned Movement) Summit 2012 was held in Tehran, Iran. It has 120+2 (Two nations namely Azerbaijan Republic and Fiji) members. 17th NAM summit 2016 was held in Caracas,Venezuela.
Global Insurance Summit	·          8th Global insurance Summit Was held in 2015  – Mumbai
CHOGM Summit	Establishment – 1907 Chairman - Joseph Muscat Total Members Countries – 52 countries CHOGM Full Form – Common Wealth Heads of Government Meeting held After Gap of Every Two years Next CHOGM Will held In United Kingdom 2018 In 2015 CHOGM Meeting Was held In – Malta
UN Climate Change Summit	Meetings :- 1st meeting 2000 - The Hague, Netherlands 2nd meeting 2001 - Bonn, Germany 3rd meetibg 2001 - Marrakech, Morocco 4th meeting 2002 - New Delhi, India 5th meeting 2003 - Milan, Italy] 6th meeting 2004 - Buenos Aires, Argentina 7th meeting 2005 - Montreal, Canada 8th meeting 2006 - Nairobi, Kenya 9th meeting 2007 - Bali, Indonesia 10th meeting 2008 - Poznań, Poland 11th meeting 2009 - Copenhagen, Denmark 12th meeting 2010 - Cancún, Mexico[edit] 13th meeting 2011 - Durban, South Africa 14th meeting 2012 - Doha, Qatar 15th meeting 2013 - Warsaw, Poland 16th meeting 2014 - Lima, Peru 17th meeting 2015 - Paris, France 18th meeting 2016 - Marrakech, Morocco 19th meeting 2017 - Bonn, Germany
22nd CII Partnership Summit & 1stSunrise AP Investment Meet	Headquarters - New Delhi, India Establishment – 1895 Executive Vice Chairperson - Shobana Kamineni Place - Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
India Investment Summit	Date - 4th and 5th February, 2016 Place - New Delhi

English Vocab

1. Strenuous – ज़ोरदार

Meaning – requiring or using great effort or exertion.

Synonyms – arduous, difficult, hard, tough, taxing, demanding, exacting, uphill, stiff, formidable, heavy, exhausting, tiring, fatiguing, gruelling, back-breaking, murderous, punishing; informalno picnic, killing.

Usage – “the government made strenuous efforts to upgrade the quality of the teaching profession”

2. Strive – प्रयास करते हैं

Meaning – struggle or fight vigorously.

Synonyms – try, try hard, attempt, endeavour, aim, aspire, venture, undertake, seek, make an effort, make every effort, spare no effort, exert oneself, do one’s best, do all one can, do one’s utmost, give one’s all, labour, work, toil, strain.

Usage – “scholars must strive against bias”.

3. Queasy – कोमल

Meaning – nauseous; feeling sick.

Synonyms – nauseous, nauseated, bilious, sick; seasick, carsick, trainsick, airsick, travel-sick, suffering from motion sickness, suffering from altitude sickness; ill, unwell, poorly, bad, out of sorts, dizzy, peaky, liverish, green about the gills; off, off colour; sick to one’s stomach; informalfunny, peculiar.

Usage – “in the morning he was still pale and queasy”

4. Coronation – राज तिलक करना

Meaning – the ceremony of crowning a sovereign or a sovereign’s consort.

Synonyms – crowning, enthronement, enthroning, accession to the throne, investiture, anointing, inauguration.

Usage – “they built a tower to celebrate Victoria’s coronation”

5. Itinerant – चलनेवाला

Meaning – travelling from place to place.

Synonyms – travelling, peripatetic, wandering, wayfaring, roving, roaming, rambling, touring, nomadic, gypsy, migrant, migratory, ambulatory; vagrant, vagabond, homeless, of no fixed address/abode, displaced; footloose, rootless, drifting, floating, unsettled, restless; globetrotting, jet-setting.

Usage – “a market for both local and itinerant traders”

6. Gospel – सुसमाचार

Meaning – the teaching or revelation of Christ.

Synonyms – Christian teaching, Christ’s teaching, the life of Christ, the word of God, the good news, Christian doctrine.

Usage – “the Gospel was spread informally by missionaries”

7. Mawkish – कुत्सित

Meaning – sentimental in an exaggerated or false way.

Synonyms – sentimental, over-sentimental, overemotional, cloying, sickly, saccharine, sugary, syrupy, sickening, nauseating, maudlin, lachrymose, banal, trite; twee; informalmushy, slushy, sloppy, schmaltzy, weepy, cutesy, lovey-dovey, gooey, drippy, sloshy, soupy, treacly, cheesy, corny, icky, sick-making, toe-curling; informalsoppy; informalcornball, sappy, hokey, three-hanky.

Usage – “a mawkish ode to parenthood”

8. Perchance – मुमकिन है

Meaning – by some chance; perhaps.

Synonyms – by chance, by any chance, by some chance, as it may be, as it may happen, as things may turn out.

Usage – “if perchance he arrives on time”

9. Mayhem – हाथापाई

Meaning – violent or extreme disorder; chaos.

Synonyms – chaos, disorder, confusion, havoc, bedlam, pandemonium, tumult, uproar, turmoil, madness, madhouse, hullabaloo, all hell broken loose, wild disarray, disorganization, maelstrom, trouble, disturbance, commotion, riot, anarchy, destruction, violence

Usage – “furious TV bosses watched stunned as the band created mayhem onstage”

10. Pulchritude – ख़ूबसूरती

Meaning – beauty.

Synonyms - fairness, style, beauty, grace, good looks, style, grace

Usage – “the irresistible pulchritude of her friend”

Direct Indirect Speech ONE-on-ONE

Que. 1

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech

We said, “We are quite happy now”.

1.

We told that we were quite happy now.

2.

We said that we are quite happy now.

3.

We said that we are quite happy then.

4.

We said that we were quite happy then.

Que. 2

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

The girl said to her mother, “I have been reading since morning,”1.

The girl said to her mother that she has been reading since morning.

2.

The girl said to her mother that she had been reading since morning.

3.

The girl said to her mother that she is reading since morning.

4.

The girl said to her mother that she was reading since morning.

Que. 3

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

Darwin said that humans have evolved from apes.1.

Darwin said, “Humans had evolved from apes.”

2.

Darwin said, “Humans have evolved from apes.”

3.

Darwin stated that humans could have evolved from apes.

4.

Darwin mention human evolution to be from apes.

Que. 4

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

Ron said, “They came at six.”

1.

Ron informed us that they came at six.

2.

Ron said they came at six.

3.

Ron told us that they came at six.

4.

Ron said that they had come at six.

Que. 5

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

He said, “Smoking is injurious to health.”

1.

He said that smoking was injurious to health.

2.

He said that smoking is injurious to health.

3.

He said that smoking had been injurious to health.

4.

He told that smoking is injurious to health.

Que. 6

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

She told me that she hadn’t known about that the week before.

1.

She said to me, “I did not know about this last week.”

2.

She said to me, “I had known about this last week.”

3.

She said to me, “I did not know about that past week.”

4.

She said to me, “I did not know about that the last week.”

Que. 7

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

She said, “We will be going to the aquarium, tomorrow.”

1.

She asked, “We will be going to the aquarium, the next day.”

2.

She told that, “We will be going to the aquarium, tomorrow”.

3.

She said that they would be going to the aquarium, the next day.

4.

She said she would be going to the aquarium tomorrow.

Que. 8

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

She tells me that I am, indeed, very clever.

1.

She tells me, “You are very clever indeed.”

2.

She tells me, “I am, indeed, very clever.”

3.

She says to me, “You are, indeed, very clever.”

4.

She says to me, “You are very clever indeed.”

Que. 9

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

He said that he had passed the algebra test.

1.

He said, “I pass the algebra test”.

2.

He said, “I will pass the algebra test”.

3.

He said that he has passed the algebra test.

4.

He said, “I have passed the algebra test”.

Que. 10

In the following question, a sentence has been given in direct/indirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect/direct speech.

He said, “The man was coming.”

1.

He said that the man had been coming.

2.

He said that the man has been coming.

3.

He said that the man was coming.

4.

He said that the man would have been coming.

Answers:

1.  4
2.  2
3.  2
4.  4
5.  2
6.  1
7.  3
8.  3
9.  4
10.  1